FLUID MECHANICS , EXPERIMENT # 3

To find the theoretical and actual center of pressure on partially submerged plane area / surface.

APPARATUS:

Hydrostatic pressure Apparatus, weights

PROCEDURE:

1. First level the hydrostatic pressure apparatus with the help of leveling screws looking to the spirit level.
2. Make the beam and quadrant balance by the adjusting the counter weight so that pointer concedes the balancing mark.
3. Add the weight in the weight pan, will un balance the beam.
4. Add water to the tank containing quadrant, till the beam again comes to the balance position.
5. Note the loads/ weights added, and level of water “r” which exerts hydrostatic pressure on the plane area.
6. Measure the width of the plane area “B”, and the moment arm of the weight pan about the pivot of the beam.
7. Repeat the experiment by adding more weights and following the same procedure.

Theoretical Center of Pressure = H_p= 2/3r + q       (q = 20- r)

 Actual Center of Pressure = (P x W)/F_r

P= Moment arm

F_r= resultant Force

F_r= ½ γ_w r² B

γ_w = 9.81 KN/m³

DIAGRAMMATICALLY REPRESENTATION   :

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

Distance From the pivot = P= 27.2 cm

Width of the plane area of quadrant = B= 7.5 cm

Unit weight of water = γ_w = 9.81KN/m³=62.4lb/ft³

g = 9.81 m/s² = 32.2 ft/s²

S.no	Mass (g)	Weight(N)	Water Level “r” (cm)	Distance of water level from the pivot “q”	Resultant Force (N) Fr= ½ γw r2 B	Actual Position Hp=(P x W)/Fr	Theoretical Position = Hp= 2/3r + q
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

You can place your request for any kind of E-book, Lecture notes, Lab- Manuals, Presentations etc. Through below Comments Box System.

Read more »

FLUID MECHANICS , EXPERIMENT # 2

To Calibrate a Bourdon type Pressure Gauge Using a Dead Weight Pressure Gauge Calibrator

PURPOSE:

The objective of this experiment is to assess the accuracy of pressure gauge.

APPARATUS:

Dead weight pressure gauge calibrator having the following main components,

• Cylinder

• Weights

• Leveling screws

• Spirit level

• Cylinder inlet

• A gauge to be calibrated

PROCEDURE:

1. Place pressure gauge calibration on the table.
2. Find the mass and diameter of the piston.
3. Fill half of the cylinder with lubricating oil.
4. Place piston in the cylinder and rotate the piston to minimize the effect of friction and take reading of gauge.
5. Add more weights and note the reading.

THEORY:

As we know that, pressure is equal to force per unit area.

Pressure = P = F/A = W/A = mg/A                 (  F = W = mg )

Absolute Pressure:

The pressure measured with reference to absolute zero is called as absolute pressure.

Gauge pressure:

The pressure measured with the atmospheric pressure is called as gauge pressure.

Vacuum pressure:

Negative gauge pressure is known as vacuum pressure.

Atmospheric pressure:

The pressure exerted by the atmosphere above us is known as the atmospheric pressure.

Its standard values are given below.

1 atm =	14.7psi
	101300Pa
	0.1Mpa
	76cm of Hg
	760 mm of Hg
	1.01 bar
	34’ of water

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

Cross sectional area of the piston = (π * D²⁾/4

S/No	Mass (kg)	Theoritical pressure P =mg/A (N/cm2)	Guage reading Kg/cm2	Guage reaeding *9.81 (N/cm2)	Guage error= (Theoretical pressure – guage pressure)
1
2
3
4
5

Mean gauge Pressure = _______________

%age gauge error = (Absolute gauge error / Gauge Pressure) *100

You can place your request for any kind of E-book, Lecture notes, Lab- Manuals, Presentations etc. Through below Comments Box System.

Read more »

FLUID MECHANICS , EXPERIMENT # 1

To study working and different Parts of Hydraulic Bench

The standard Hydraulics Bench is used for all the laboratory experiments carried out during this course. The Bench has a closed water circulating system to facilitate mobility. Water is stored in an enclosed tank at the bottom of the bench then pumped up to the experimental setup situated on top of the bench from which water flows into the upper tank. The upper tank has a drain controlled by a plug to collect and gauge the water in the upper tank after which water is drained to the bottom tank. The volume of water collected in the upper tank (in liters) can be measured using the graduated scale fixed at the side of the Hydraulics Bench. The switch of the water pump and the control valve that regulates the amount of water that flows to the experimental setup are at the front side of the Hydraulics Bench Hydraulic bench is a very useful apparatus in hydraulics and fluid mechanics. It is involved in majority of experiments to be conducted. Discharge/flow rate of water can be measured experimentally. Provides continues flow of water.

Various apparatus can be placed over it.

DIFFERENT PARTS OF HYDRAULIC BENCH

1. Centrifugal Pump
2. Sump tank
3. Delivery control valve
4. Volumetric measuring tank
5. Sight tube and Scale
6. Dump valve
7. Motor starter
8. Open channel

1. Centrifugal Pump:

Small pump which is used to pump water to the bench.

2. Sump Tank:

It stores water for Hydraulic bench. It is located in the bottom portion of Hydraulic bench. Water from here is transported to other parts by using a pump. It has a capacity of 160 liters.A drain value is incorporated in the side of the sump tank to facilitate the emptying of the sump tank.

3. Delivery control valve:

 It is used to regulate the flow in the pipe i.e. to increase or decrease the inflow of water in the hydraulic bench.

4. Volumetric measuring tank:

It stores water coming from channel. This tank is stepped to accommodate low or high flow rates. It has a capacity of 46 liters.

Over flow is small opening or slot in the volumetric tank which prevents water from splitting over the bench in case of over flow. 

5. Sight tube and Scale:

The glass tube which shows level of water in volumetric tank, this scale is very important for calculation of discharge of water from any apparatus.

6. Dump valve:

It is used for emptying volumetric tank. It is located in the bottom of the volumetric tank.

7. Motor starter:

 It is an on/off button to start and stop the centrifugal pump.

8. Open channel:

Small channel or path on which different apparatus are fixed.

You can place your request for any kind of E-book, Lecture notes, Lab- Manuals, Presentations etc. Through below Comments Box System.

Read more »