SURVEYING & LEVELLING – I
B.Sc Civil Engineering 3rd Semester
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CECOS UNIVERSITY PESHAWAR
This notes about the surveying and levelling which is written by Engr. Shams Ul Islam Shamsi Lecturer Civil Engineering Department at CECOS University Peshawar.
Surveying is the Civil Engineering main subject which is defined as ,the art of determination of horizontal distances, differences in elevation, directions, angles, locations, areas and volumes on or near the surface of the earth. It involves the measurement and recording of the size and shape (including the vertical shape) of an area on the earth’s surface. This subject is very interesting but practical.
In these notes all topics is discussed in details and very easy to understand. I hope, these notes will be very helpful for yours.
In these notes all topics is discussed in details and very easy to understand. I hope, these notes will be very helpful for yours.
In these notes the following chapters, which is given below;
Introduction
Chaining
Ranging
Levelling
Compass Surveying
Measurement of Areas
Contouring
Plane-Table Surveying
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